Business intelligence
All of the management systems we have just described are systems for business intelligence. Business intelligence is a contemporary term for data and software tools for organizing, analyzing, and providing access to data to help managers and other enterprise users make more informed decisions.
Business intelligence applications are not limited to middle managers, and can be found at all levels of the organization, including systems for senior management. Senior managers need systems that address strategic issues and long-term trends, both in the firm and in the external environment.