النتائج (
العربية) 2:
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ORAL EXPRESSION AND LISTENING COMPREHENSION
Definition and Implications (Oral Expression)
Oral expression pertains to the use of words and includes the ability to formulate and produce words and sentences with appropriate vocabulary, grammar, and application of conversational rules.
Children’s oral expression skills are essential to their learning and academic success. Oral expression problems in students may result in literacy problems (ASHA, 1980). Furthermore, these children may not perform at grade level because of their struggle with reading, difficulty understanding and expressing language, and the fact that they may misunderstand social cues. Oral expression is about the student’s ability to express ideas, explain thinking (critical in math), retell stories, and contrast and compare concepts or ideas.
Characteristics (Oral Expression)
The following may be exhibited by those children who demonstrate oral expression difficulties:
• Difficulty with grammatical processes of inflection, marking categories like person, tense, and case (e.g. the “s” in jumps marks the third-person singular in the present tense), and derivation, the formation of new words from existing words (e.g., acceptable from accept)
• Learning vocabulary
• Difficulty formulating complete, semantically and grammatically correct sentences either spoken or
written
• Difficulty explaining word associations, antonyms/synonyms
• Difficulty with retelling, making inferences, and predictions
Definition and Implications (Listening Comprehension)
Listening comprehension refers to the understanding of the implications and explicit meanings of words and sentences of spoken language. Listening comprehension often co-exists with difficulties of written language and in the auditory processing of oral information. Children with problems processing and interpreting spoken sentences frequently can experience difficulties in mastering syntactic structures both receptively as well as expressively. Although some children appear to perceive and interpret the words used in spoken sentences, they may not be able to grasp the interrelationship among the words in the sentences. Difficulties with listening comprehension should not be mistaken for difficulties or deficits in Central Auditory Processing.
Characteristics (Listening Comprehension)
Children experiencing listening comprehension difficulties may exhibit the following:
• Difficulty with following directions for seatwork and projects
• Difficulty remembering homework assignments
• Difficulty with the understanding oral narratives and text
• Difficulty answering questions about the content of the information given
• Difficulty with critical thinking to arrive at logical answers
• Difficulty with word associations, antonyms/synonyms, categorizing, and classifying
• Difficulty with note-taking or dictation
Assessment (Oral Expression and Listening Comprehension)
The classroom teacher may screen for those students who are at risk of having oral expression and/or listening comprehension difficulties by referencing norms for oral expression and listening comprehension acquisition (see chart following progress monitoring/interventions). The Speech Language Pathologist should be the one to assess and determine any deficits in these two areas.
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