Changes in the fair value of monetary securities denominated in a foreign currency and classified as available for sale are analysed between translation differences resulting from changes in the amortised cost of the security and other changes in the carrying amount of the security. The translation differences on monetary securities are recognised in profit or loss; translation differences on non-monetary securities are recognised in equity. Changes in the fair value of monetary and non-monetary securities classified as available-for-sale are recognised in equity.
When securities classified as available-for-sale are sold or impaired, the accumulated fair value adjustments recognised in equity are included in the statement of comprehensive income as net realised gains on financial assets.
Interest on available-for-sale securities calculated using the effective interest method is recognised in the statement of comprehensive income. Dividends on available-for-sale equity instruments are recognised in the statement of comprehensive income when the Company's right to receive payments is established. Both are included in the investment income line.
2.6.5 Determination of fair value
For financial instruments traded in active markets, the determination of fair values of financial assets and financial liabilities is based on quoted market prices or dealer price quotations.
A financial instrument is regarded as quoted in an active market if quoted prices are readily and regularly available from an exchange, dealer, broker, industry group, pricing service or regulatory agency, and those prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm's length basis. If the above criteria are not met, the market is regarded as being inactive.
For all other financial instruments, fair value is determined using valuation techniques. In these techniques, fair values are estimated from observable data in respect of similar financial instruments, using models to estimate the present value of expected future cash flows or other valuation techniques, using inputs existing at the dates of the balance sheet.
The Company uses widely recognised valuation models for determining fair values of non-standardised financial instruments of lower complexity like options or interest rate and currency swaps. For these financial instruments, inputs into models are generally market observable.
For more complex instruments, the Company uses internally developed models, which are usually based on valuation methods and techniques generally recognised as standard within the industry. Valuation models are used primarily to value derivatives transacted in the over-the-counter market. Some of the inputs to these models may not be market observable and are therefore estimated based on assumptions. The impact on net profit of financial instrument valuations reflecting non-market observable inputs (Level 3) is disclosed in Note 4.7.
The output of a model is always an estimate or approximation of a value that cannot be determined with certainty, and valuation techniques employed may not fully reflect all factors relevant to the positions the Company holds. Valuations are therefore adjusted, where appropriate, to allow for additional factors including model risks, liquidity risk and counterparty credit risk. Based on the established fair value and model governance policies and related controls and procedures applied, management believes that these valuation adjustments are necessary and appropriate to fairly state the values of financial instruments carried at fair value in the balance sheet. Price data and parameters used in the measurement procedures applied are generally reviewed carefully and adjusted, if necessary — particularly in view of the current market developments.
The fair value of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives is determined using valuation methods that are commonly accepted in the financial markets, such as the present value technique and option pricing models. The fair value of foreign exchange forwards is generally based on current forward exchange rates
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ويتم تحليل التغيرات في القيمة العادلة للأوراق المالية النقدية المقومة بعمله أجنبية، وتصنف على أنها متاحة للبيع بين الترجمة الفروق الناتجة عن التغيرات في التكاليف المخفضة للأمن وغيرها من التغيرات في القيمة الدفترية للأمن. يتم الاعتراف بالاختلافات الترجمة في الأوراق النقدية في الربح أو الخسارة؛ ويعترف فروق الترجمة في الأوراق المالية غير النقدية في الإنصاف. التغيرات في القيمة العادلة للأوراق المالية النقدية وغير النقدية التي صنفت بأنها متاحة للبيع معترف بها في الإنصاف.عندما تصنف الأوراق المالية المتاحة للبيع تباع أو البصر، يتم تضمين التعديلات القيمة العادلة المتراكمة المعترف بها في الإنصاف في بيان الدخل الشامل كمكاسب محققة صافي الأصول المالية.من المسلم به الفائدة على الأوراق المالية المتاحة للبيع محسوباً باستخدام طريقة الفائدة الفعلية في بيان الدخل الشامل. ويعترف الأرباح على صكوك الأسهم المتاحة للبيع في بيان الدخل الشامل عند تأسيس الشركة الحق في تلقي المدفوعات. كل مدرجة في بند إيرادات الاستثمار.2.6.5 تحديد القيمة العادلةللأدوات المالية المتداولة في أسواق نشطة، يستند تحديد القيم العادلة للأصول والخصوم المالية المالية نقلا عن أسعار السوق أو تاجر الأسعار.A financial instrument is regarded as quoted in an active market if quoted prices are readily and regularly available from an exchange, dealer, broker, industry group, pricing service or regulatory agency, and those prices represent actual and regularly occurring market transactions on an arm's length basis. If the above criteria are not met, the market is regarded as being inactive.For all other financial instruments, fair value is determined using valuation techniques. In these techniques, fair values are estimated from observable data in respect of similar financial instruments, using models to estimate the present value of expected future cash flows or other valuation techniques, using inputs existing at the dates of the balance sheet.The Company uses widely recognised valuation models for determining fair values of non-standardised financial instruments of lower complexity like options or interest rate and currency swaps. For these financial instruments, inputs into models are generally market observable.For more complex instruments, the Company uses internally developed models, which are usually based on valuation methods and techniques generally recognised as standard within the industry. Valuation models are used primarily to value derivatives transacted in the over-the-counter market. Some of the inputs to these models may not be market observable and are therefore estimated based on assumptions. The impact on net profit of financial instrument valuations reflecting non-market observable inputs (Level 3) is disclosed in Note 4.7.The output of a model is always an estimate or approximation of a value that cannot be determined with certainty, and valuation techniques employed may not fully reflect all factors relevant to the positions the Company holds. Valuations are therefore adjusted, where appropriate, to allow for additional factors including model risks, liquidity risk and counterparty credit risk. Based on the established fair value and model governance policies and related controls and procedures applied, management believes that these valuation adjustments are necessary and appropriate to fairly state the values of financial instruments carried at fair value in the balance sheet. Price data and parameters used in the measurement procedures applied are generally reviewed carefully and adjusted, if necessary — particularly in view of the current market developments.The fair value of over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives is determined using valuation methods that are commonly accepted in the financial markets, such as the present value technique and option pricing models. The fair value of foreign exchange forwards is generally based on current forward exchange rates
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