Estimates of probability are involved with two of the four central concerns of foresight professionals (discerning and
classifying both probable and wildcard events), while considering the range of possible futures, recognizing the
plurality of existing alternative futures, characterizing and attempting to resolve normative disagreements on the
future, and envisioning and creating preferred futures are other major areas of scholarship. Most estimates of
probability in futures studies are normative and qualitative, though significant progress on statistical and quantitative
methods (technology and information growth curves, cliometrics, predictive psychology, prediction markets, etc.)
has been made in recent decades.