Concepts Of Trading A Leveraged Product
What do we mean by a leveraged product? Leverage is the concept that with a relatively small outlay you can make much bigger profits or losses. A leveraged product is simply a means of ‘gearing’ your investment up, so that you’re controlling a larger position, but only paying now for part of that overall position. What this does mean is that any gain or loss is magnified, simply because the position you’re controlling and exposing yourself to is much larger than the amount of money tied up in that trade. Effectively, it means that we can make greater use of our money, controlling larger amounts of stock. We can trade it either Long or Short and make money in whichever direction the stock is moving; providing of course, we trade in the direction it’s going!
As a property buyer for instance you might have experienced this: say you buy a house for £150,000 and settle a £50,000 with the rest of the balance borrowed as a mortgage. Now suppose the property value rises to £200,000 and you decide to sell it. Ignoring costs you would have receive £200,000, pay off the £100,000 mortgage and keep £100,000. So you’ve doubled your initial deposit of £50,000 for a 33% rise in the value of the property.
The same principle applies to the stock market. You will find many examples of leveraged products available for trading. They are all ‘derivatives’, which is a word you may have heard, and wondered about. It’s quite simple really, examples of derivatives include Futures and Options, and many other things that are invented for the purpose. “Derivatives” are simply financial instruments that ‘derive’ their value from another, but don’t include direct ownership of the other. You don’t pay out enough money to own the other, but your payment still gives you con-trol.
There are many books simply on leveraged products, but for the sake on what you need to know the above is enough, and you really should know what I am talking about anyway.
CFD Trading – Leverage and Trading Strategies
Magnus Grimond explains a pair of investment strategies that can reap huge profits – or losses.
They account for as much as 40 per cent of the daily turnover of the London Stock Exchange. Tens of thousands of people use them regularly and their number is growing at more than 20 per cent a year. But they are not shares as we know them.
Contracts for difference (CFDs) and spread-bets have become increasingly popular since the market turned in the spring of 2003. Both allow the buyer to go long on a share, index or currency, thus benefiting from its subsequent rise in price; or to go short and cash in if the price falls.
This is a double-edged sword, however. If the bet goes the wrong way, the losses, theoretically, can be limitless. Because only a fraction of the cost of the underlying investment is paid for when the bet is placed – it is bought on margin – the effect of movements in the underlying price are magnified. Profits or losses can snowball. The more mainstream private client stockbrokers still regard them a little sniffily, possibly with good reason. Anecdotal evidence suggests that most spread-betters lose money.
Angus McCrone, a director of Twowaytrade, a CFD broker, says that this is certainly not a market for the uninitiated. “People think it’s easy to make money, but actually it’s very difficult,” he says.
Clive Cooke, chief executive of City Index, one of the bigger brokers in the market, says that a typical private client holds a position for only about three to four weeks. “Generally speaking, it’s for people who would like to benefit from a short-term movement in, say, a share price or an index.”
CFD holders ultimately pay the difference between the buying and selling prices. This is deemed to involve an element of borrowing. Every day you hold a long position, you have to pay a financing charge, because you are effectively borrowing money to hold the position.
“The typical rate is 2.5 per cent above base rate, which is 7.25 per cent at the moment. So on a notional £10,000 contract, you would pay £725 interest a year, or a daily interest charge of £1.98.
“That’s if you are long. But if, say, you thought that the stock was going down and you shorted the stock, your account would be credited with interest at 2.5 per cent below base rate, or 2.25 per cent currently.”
More important is tax. While there is no stamp duty on spread-bets or CFD purchases, any gains made on the latter do attract capital gains tax (CGT) at up to 40 per cent. This makes spread-bets, which are free of CGT, the weapon of choice for most punters.
As well as the tax advantages, spread-bets are simpler in many ways. Commission, financing and the effect of dividends are rolled up in the “spread”, the difference between the buy and sell prices quoted by the broker at any particular moment.
You decide what you want to bet – let’s say £10 for every penny rise (called a point) in a share. If the price rises, your g
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الاستدانة المفاهيم التجارية بالمنتجماذا نعني بمنتج الاستدانة؟ الرافعة المالية هو مفهوم أن مع مصاريف صغيرة نسبيا يمكنك جعل الكثير من أكبر الأرباح أو الخسائر. منتج الاستدانة مجرد وسيلة 'تستعد' الاستثمار الخاص بك، حتى أن كنت من السيطرة على موقف أكبر، ولكن فقط الآن لدفع جزء من هذا الموقف العام. ماذا يعني هذا أن أي مكاسب أو خسائر تتعاظم، ببساطة نظراً للموقف الذي أنت كنت السيطرة وتعريض نفسك لأكبر بكثير من المبلغ من المال قيدوا في تلك التجارة. فعالية، فهذا يعني أنه يمكننا أن نجعل استخدام أكبر من أموالنا، السيطرة على كميات أكبر من الأسهم. نحن التجارة أما طويلة أو قصيرة وكسب المال في أيهما اتجاه الأسهم الانتقال؛ توفير بطبيعة الحال، نحن التجارة في الاتجاه هو الذهاب!كمشتر ملكية على سبيل المثال قد شهدت لك هذا: أقول لك شراء منزل لجنيه استرليني 150,000 وتسوية 50,000 جنيه استرليني مع بقية الرصيد اقترضت رهن. الآن افترض أن ترتفع قيمة الخاصية إلى 000 200 جنيه استرليني، وكنت ترغب في بيعه. تجاهل التكاليف سيكون لديك تلقي جنيه استرليني 200,000 وتسديد الرهن العقاري جنيه استرليني 100,000 وإبقاء 100,000 جنيه استرليني. حتى لقد تضاعف عدد إيداعك الأولى قدرة 000 50 جنيه استرليني لارتفاع نسبة 33 في المائة في قيمة الخاصية.The same principle applies to the stock market. You will find many examples of leveraged products available for trading. They are all ‘derivatives’, which is a word you may have heard, and wondered about. It’s quite simple really, examples of derivatives include Futures and Options, and many other things that are invented for the purpose. “Derivatives” are simply financial instruments that ‘derive’ their value from another, but don’t include direct ownership of the other. You don’t pay out enough money to own the other, but your payment still gives you con-trol.There are many books simply on leveraged products, but for the sake on what you need to know the above is enough, and you really should know what I am talking about anyway.CFD Trading – Leverage and Trading StrategiesMagnus Grimond explains a pair of investment strategies that can reap huge profits – or losses.They account for as much as 40 per cent of the daily turnover of the London Stock Exchange. Tens of thousands of people use them regularly and their number is growing at more than 20 per cent a year. But they are not shares as we know them.Contracts for difference (CFDs) and spread-bets have become increasingly popular since the market turned in the spring of 2003. Both allow the buyer to go long on a share, index or currency, thus benefiting from its subsequent rise in price; or to go short and cash in if the price falls.This is a double-edged sword, however. If the bet goes the wrong way, the losses, theoretically, can be limitless. Because only a fraction of the cost of the underlying investment is paid for when the bet is placed – it is bought on margin – the effect of movements in the underlying price are magnified. Profits or losses can snowball. The more mainstream private client stockbrokers still regard them a little sniffily, possibly with good reason. Anecdotal evidence suggests that most spread-betters lose money.Angus McCrone, a director of Twowaytrade, a CFD broker, says that this is certainly not a market for the uninitiated. “People think it’s easy to make money, but actually it’s very difficult,” he says.Clive Cooke, chief executive of City Index, one of the bigger brokers in the market, says that a typical private client holds a position for only about three to four weeks. “Generally speaking, it’s for people who would like to benefit from a short-term movement in, say, a share price or an index.”CFD holders ultimately pay the difference between the buying and selling prices. This is deemed to involve an element of borrowing. Every day you hold a long position, you have to pay a financing charge, because you are effectively borrowing money to hold the position.“The typical rate is 2.5 per cent above base rate, which is 7.25 per cent at the moment. So on a notional £10,000 contract, you would pay £725 interest a year, or a daily interest charge of £1.98.“That’s if you are long. But if, say, you thought that the stock was going down and you shorted the stock, your account would be credited with interest at 2.5 per cent below base rate, or 2.25 per cent currently.”More important is tax. While there is no stamp duty on spread-bets or CFD purchases, any gains made on the latter do attract capital gains tax (CGT) at up to 40 per cent. This makes spread-bets, which are free of CGT, the weapon of choice for most punters.As well as the tax advantages, spread-bets are simpler in many ways. Commission, financing and the effect of dividends are rolled up in the “spread”, the difference between the buy and sell prices quoted by the broker at any particular moment.You decide what you want to bet – let’s say £10 for every penny rise (called a point) in a share. If the price rises, your g
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