The Role of Speaking
As is true for other language skills, speaking plays several roles in language learning classes. Being aware of these roles will enable instructors to attend to them all and to see speaking as one important element in developing each language skill and conveying culture knowledge.
In Language Classes
Language students view the world as growing smaller and smaller, and they are aware that all people have increasing opportunities to communicate with speakers of other languages. They view speaking as an essential skill for functioning in another country, and except when they have special needs, they enroll in language classes with speaking as one of their principle goals.
The most realistic opportunity teachers have to demonstrate to students the practical use of second languages to communicate is to use the target language as the medium of communication during the daily routine of conducting the class. If the teachers speak the language in class and if the students also speak it to express themselves, the class becomes an example of using language to function in a social situation. Thus, one of the most important roles of speaking is to serve as a vehicle for participating in class activities (Chastain, 1988).
In Second-Language Learning
Perhaps the best way, according to Chastain (1988), to begin the discussion of the role speaking plays in language learning is to consider one function that it does not perform- learning language. Students who are speaking cannot be absorbing new linguistic elements because students who are producing language cannot possibly be taking in language forms at the same time. In a broader definition of the term learning, however, speaking does play an important supporting role. Although productive practice does not contribute to learning, it does foster retention, which is an important component of learning. Vocabulary and grammatical patterns that are used in meaningful contexts tend to be remembered for longer periods of time and to be more readily available when needed in the future. In addition, speaking invites feedback, either overt or covert, which is the basis upon which students make adjustments in their learned language system.
Also, having opportunities to speak the language motivates students to learn during listening and reading activities new language elements that they may need in the future to communicate orally. Speaking is the performance of the speaker’s competence, but performance does not follow competence automatically. Language must first be in the head, but practice is required to enable the person who understands the language to be able to speak it. Speaking may not teach students language, but it helps them activate the language they know. Listening and reading facilitate speaking in the sense that students learn new words and new forms while they are listening and reading and in the sense that they must learn to comprehend oral and written messages before they can produce them themselves, but students must speak to develop speaking skills.
 
النتائج (
العربية) 1: 
[نسخ]نسخ!
 
دور حديثةكما هو صحيح بالنسبة للمهارات اللغوية الأخرى، تحدث يلعب عدة أدوار في اللغة دروس التعلم. وإدراكا لهذه الأدوار ستمكن المعلمين لحضور لكل منهم وأن نرى يتحدث كأحد العناصر الهامة في تطوير كل مهارة اللغة ونقل المعارف الثقافة.في فصول دراسيةالطلاب اللغة عرض العالم كزراعة أصغر وأصغر، وهم يدركون أن كل الناس لديهم فرص متزايدة للتواصل مع الناطقين بلغات أخرى. عرض حديثة كمهارة أساسية لسير العمل في بلد آخر، وإلا عندما يكون لديهم احتياجات خاصة، الانخراط في صفوف اللغة يتحدث كأحد أهدافها المبدأ.وقد المعلمين الفرصة الأكثر واقعية لتثبت للطلاب الاستخدام العملي للغات الثانية للاتصال لاستخدام اللغة المستهدفة كوسيلة للاتصالات خلال الروتين اليومي لإجراء الفئة. إذا كان المعلمون يتحدثون اللغة في فئة، وإذا كان الطلاب أيضا الكلام للتعبير عن أنفسهم، يصبح الفئة مثال على استخدام اللغة للدالة في حالة اجتماعية. وبالتالي، واحداً من أهم الأدوار ليتحدث بمثابة وسيلة للمشاركة في أنشطة الفئة (Chastain، 1988).في تعلم اللغة الثانيةPerhaps the best way, according to Chastain (1988), to begin the discussion of the role speaking plays in language learning is to consider one function that it does not perform- learning language. Students who are speaking cannot be absorbing new linguistic elements because students who are producing language cannot possibly be taking in language forms at the same time. In a broader definition of the term learning, however, speaking does play an important supporting role. Although productive practice does not contribute to learning, it does foster retention, which is an important component of learning. Vocabulary and grammatical patterns that are used in meaningful contexts tend to be remembered for longer periods of time and to be more readily available when needed in the future. In addition, speaking invites feedback, either overt or covert, which is the basis upon which students make adjustments in their learned language system.Also, having opportunities to speak the language motivates students to learn during listening and reading activities new language elements that they may need in the future to communicate orally. Speaking is the performance of the speaker’s competence, but performance does not follow competence automatically. Language must first be in the head, but practice is required to enable the person who understands the language to be able to speak it. Speaking may not teach students language, but it helps them activate the language they know. Listening and reading facilitate speaking in the sense that students learn new words and new forms while they are listening and reading and in the sense that they must learn to comprehend oral and written messages before they can produce them themselves, but students must speak to develop speaking skills.
يجري ترجمتها، يرجى الانتظار ..
