Handy’s four types of culture (associated with different organizational structures):
1. Power cultures:
i. Found in organizations dominated by a powerful central individual or group.
ii. Common in family firms or small businesses, or in organizations that are growing very rapidly, where a central team decide and everyone else follows.
2. Role cultures:
i. Found in bureaucracies.
ii. Dominated by a concern for correct role behavior, conformity to rules, respect for the System.
3. Task-centered cultures:
i. Appears in small organizations or those that have successfully adopted project or matrix structures.
ii. Expertise, adaptability and teamwork are the basis for respect.
4. Person-centered cultures:
Exist only for the people within them. E.g. families, social groups, etc.