ResultsLearning effect on different learning modesTable 2 reports the descriptive statistics and the results of the repeated t test between the pretest and the posttest for the two groups. Results indicate that there is a statistically significant difference between the pretest and the posttest (t value = –6.401, p < .01) for the computer-animated experimental group (CAEG). The mean gain from pretest to posttest for the CAEG group was 33.46, indicating a positive effect on students’ number sense performance. The data also show that the mean scores on the posttest for the PAG increased 5.84 points. The repeated t-test results indicate that there was no statistically significant difference between the pretest and posttest means for the PAG group (t = –1.717, p > .05). These results indicate that number sense learning via integrated technology is more beneficial to the students in the CAEG group than students learning number sense without the aid of technology in the PAG group.