Firstly, Costa and Kallickís (2000) Habits of Mind challenges the notion of intelligence
as a single, pervasive, general mental ability (Spearman, 1904,1927). According to Costa
& Kallick, intelligence is not simply linked to test scores and academic ability, but
recognition is given to the role of non-academic, social-emotional factors in explaining
intelligence. As a framework of thinking attributes, Habits of Mind also moves beyond
the view of intelligence as an ìability on demandî as conceptualised in a number of
models of human intelligence (Guilford, 1967; Thurstone, 1938; Sternberg, 1985). In the
Habits of Mind framework, intelligence is about applying your abilities when you
become aware of what you are supposed to be doing, but it also includes the concepts of
sensitivity and inclination. According to Costa & Kallick (2000), being aware of the
appropriate moments to employ Habits of Mind, and motivating oneself to invest time