Medical ethics standards
Medical ethics comprise those professional and moral standards regulating medical practice and guiding interactions between doctors and patients. They have aspirational aspects (the “lofty ideals”); professional aspects (such as what services can be charged for, what courtesies should be extended to colleagues) and moral aspects (how to make decisions in the light of competing and contradictory factors and obligations). Ethics have been codified by national, regional and international professional bodies and inter-governmental organizations.
The World Medical Association is the umbrella organization of national medical associations and has produced a large body of statements, principles and declarations of policy reflecting both social values and medical ethics. Among the most pertinent of these are
the Declaration of Geneva – an updating of the ancient Hippocratic Oath
the Declaration of Tokyo against medical involvement in torture
the Declaration of Malta on hunger strikers and
the Declaration of Hamburg on support for doctors refusing to participate in torture
the Resolution on Physician Participation in Capital Punishment which states that it is unethical for a doctor to participate in any part of the death penalty
the Declaration of Helsinki on medical research involving human subjects which opposes the exploitation of prisoners for research purposes.
What paragraphs of the Helsinki Declaration are of special relevance to the question of research involving prisoners?
(You must choose more than one answer. If the feedback is red try again. Choose more or different alternatives.)
A 4
B 17
A 9
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