Having a repertoire of thinking strategies and skills, even being very accomplished at using them, is of
little value if a person doesn’t notice when a particular type of thinking is appropriate for a specific
task. For example, a student working on a research report should realize that categorizing her notes
will help her come up with a structure for the paper. Recognizing the right mental tool for the job is
important for efficient and effective thinking, and this demands sensitivity.
Capability
Teachers have the most control over the ability of their students to perform appropriate thinking skills.
While students may not choose to use the thinking skills they have, no amount of inclination, value, or
sensitivity will help someone who doesn’t have the capability to perform the kinds of thinking that
problems demand. Students of all ages can develop their abilities to compare and contrast objects and
ideas, create categories to organize facts, and use logical arguments to persuade others. This area is
the responsibility of the teacher, and although some students can develop the thinking skills they need
on their own, many students will not develop these skills without instruction.
Commitment
Thinking is hard work. Sometimes it means sacrificing long-held beliefs and practices. Sometimes it
means admitting a mistake and starting over. A commitment to deep and careful thinking means a
person is continuously learning new skills and knowledge. For example, proficient middle school
students develop their mathematical skills not just for a grade but because they want to be better at
math. Commitment means not just wanting to learn, but doing the work necessary to make learning
happen.
Habits of Mind
Costa and Kallick have identified sixteen Habits of Mind