The fame of Ibn Khaldūn in modern scholarship is due to his writing of the Muqaddimah, or “Introduction” to his History of the world, “Kitāb al-‘Ibar.” In the Muqaddimah, Ibn Khaldūn laid the foundations of a new science, ‘Ilm al-‘Umrān, or, the science of human social organization. He, thus, preceded in his theories those of modern sociologists, philosophers, economists and historians like: Machiavelli, Montesquieu, Comte, Durkheim and even Marx.