النتائج (
العربية) 1:
[نسخ]نسخ!
female job applicants, stereotyping in terms of personality assessmentswas eliminated. However, participants continued todiscriminate against female applicants for traditionally malejobs (e.g., manager) and against male applicants for traditionallyfemale jobs (e.g., secretary).We argue that discrimination can persist when ambiguityexists not in the target of judgment but in the appropriate criteriaof judgment. Even without ambiguity in applicants’ credentials,the criteria used to assess merit can be defined flexiblyin a manner congenial to the idiosyncratic strengths of applicantswho belong to desired groups (see also Hodson, Dovidio,& Gaertner, 2002; Norton, Vandello, & Darley, 2004; Steele &Green, 1976). For example, decision makers may view thecredentials of a specific male applicant as essential to jobsuccess and view his areas of weakness as nonessential. Alternatively,they may downplay the importance of a female applicant’sareas of expertise and inflate the importance of herareas of weakness. Three phenomena are relevant to this prediction.First, people define merit self-servingly, asserting criteriaof excellence that put their own idiosyncratic credentialsin a positive light (Dunning, Leuenberger, & Sherman, 1995;see also Dunning & Cohen, 1992; Kunda, 1987). Second, raciallyprejudiced individuals emphasize those indices of academicmerit that happen to favor an individual White collegeapplicant over an individual Black applicant (Hodson et al.,2002). Third, in concurrent research by Norton et al. (2004),evaluators were found to justify prejudicial hiring and admissionsdecisions by appealing to different performance criteria.In the present research, we examined whether people shift theirvery definition of merit to advantage certain groups, and whetherthis process plays a causal role in gender discrimination.Another novel aspect of the present research is that we assessedhow much people believe that their hiring decisions areobjective and free of bias. Constructing criteria in a biasedmanner may allow decision makers to feel objective and fairdespite being discriminatory. Although gender stereotypes encouragediscrimination, egalitarian norms oblige people tojudge others on the basis of their merit rather than their groupmemberships. By defining merit in a manner tailored to the
يجري ترجمتها، يرجى الانتظار ..
