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- تاريخ
Audit committee financial expertise
Audit committee financial expertise and properties of analyst earnings forecasts☆
John L. Abernathy a,⁎, Don Herrmann a,1, Tony Kang a,2, Gopal V. Krishnan b,3
a Spears School of Business, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States b Kogod School of Business, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Keywords:
Audit committees
Financial expertise
Analyst earnings forecasts
An important role of financial accounting information is to aid financial statement users in forming expectations about the firm's future earnings. Prior research finds that accounting financial expertise of the audit committee is associated with higher financial reporting quality. We extend this literature by examining the association between audit committee financial expertise and analysts' ability to anticipate future earnings.
We find a significant association between accounting financial expertise on the audit committee and analyst earnings forecasts that are more accurate and less dispersed. In contrast, we do not find a significant association between non-accounting financial expertise (i.e., supervisory expertise) and forecast accuracy or forecast dispersion. These findings contribute to our understanding of the benefits of accounting expertise in audit committees by demonstrating an association between accounting financial expertise and improvements in analyst earnings forecasts. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Prior research provides evidence that having accounting financial experts on the audit committee is associated with higher financial reporting quality (e.g., DeFond, Hann, & Hu, 2005; Dhaliwal, Naiker, & Navissi, 2010; Krishnan & Visvanathan, 2008).We extend this research to examinewhether improved financial reporting quality fromsuch expertise is associated with the ability to anticipate future earnings. The Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) (1978) notes in the Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 1 that “financial reporting should provide information that is useful to present and potential investors and creditors and other users inmaking rational investment, credit and similar decisions.”While prior studies suggest that audit committee expertise is associated with improved financial reporting quality, there is little empirical evidence on the association between audit committee's financial expertise and decisions of financial statement users. We examine an important aspect of users' investment decisions, i.e., their ability to anticipate future earnings. Specifically, we investigate the association between audit committee financial expertise and financial analysts' ability to predict future earnings. We focus on analyst earnings forecasts for several reasons. First, Schipper (1991) suggests that analyst behavior can provide insight into the activities and beliefs of investors that cannot be observed directly.
Analysts, as sophisticated users of financial reporting information, provide
direct evidence about whether users incorporate improvements in
financial reporting into their decision-making process. Second, as
Kothari (2001) states, “almost all models of valuation either directly or
indirectly use earnings forecasts.” Thus, given analysts' role as a key
provider of information to the capital markets, empirical evidence on
whether audit committee financial expertise relates to analysts' forecasting
ability is useful to investors in firm valuation. Kecskes, Michaely,
andWomack (2010) find evidence that analysts' earnings-based recommendation
changes are more informative than discount rate-based
recommendations, supporting the notion that the value of analysts' recommendations
is primarily linked to how well they can discern a firm's
future earnings. Finally, while prior research has documented a link between
accounting expertise on the audit committee and financial
reporting quality, prior research has not explored a direct link with
users of financial statement information.We address this gap in the literature
in examining the association between audit committee financial
expertise and analysts' ability to anticipate future earnings.
The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 required the Securities Exchange
Commission (SEC) to issue rules mandating that the audit committee
of every public company have a designated financial expert; and that
the name of that financial expert be disclosed (Sarbanes–Oxley Act of
2002). The SEC suggests that having at least one financial expert on
Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in International Accounting 29 (2013) 1–11
☆ We thank Wayne Thomas and seminar participants at Chulalongkorn University,
OklahomaStateUniversity, SingaporeManagement University and the 2012AmericanAccounting
Association Annual meeting for helpful comments and suggestions. Dr. Krishnan
gratefully appreciates the financial assistance fromthe Joseph R. Perella and AmyM. Perella
Professorship.
⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 405 744 6349; fax: +1 405 744 1680.
E-mail addresses: john.abernathy@okstate.edu (J.L. Abernathy), don@okstate.edu
(D. Herrmann), tony.kang@okstate.edu (T. Kang), krishnan@american.edu (G.V.Krishnan).
1 Tel.: +1 405 744 8602; fax: +1 405 744 1680.
2 Tel.: +1 405 744 8631; fax: +1 405 744 1680.
3 Tel.: +1 202 885 6460; fax: +1 202 885 1992.
0882-6110/$ – see front matter © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2012.12.001
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in
International Accounting
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/adiac
John L. Abernathy a,⁎, Don Herrmann a,1, Tony Kang a,2, Gopal V. Krishnan b,3
a Spears School of Business, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States b Kogod School of Business, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Keywords:
Audit committees
Financial expertise
Analyst earnings forecasts
An important role of financial accounting information is to aid financial statement users in forming expectations about the firm's future earnings. Prior research finds that accounting financial expertise of the audit committee is associated with higher financial reporting quality. We extend this literature by examining the association between audit committee financial expertise and analysts' ability to anticipate future earnings.
We find a significant association between accounting financial expertise on the audit committee and analyst earnings forecasts that are more accurate and less dispersed. In contrast, we do not find a significant association between non-accounting financial expertise (i.e., supervisory expertise) and forecast accuracy or forecast dispersion. These findings contribute to our understanding of the benefits of accounting expertise in audit committees by demonstrating an association between accounting financial expertise and improvements in analyst earnings forecasts. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Prior research provides evidence that having accounting financial experts on the audit committee is associated with higher financial reporting quality (e.g., DeFond, Hann, & Hu, 2005; Dhaliwal, Naiker, & Navissi, 2010; Krishnan & Visvanathan, 2008).We extend this research to examinewhether improved financial reporting quality fromsuch expertise is associated with the ability to anticipate future earnings. The Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) (1978) notes in the Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 1 that “financial reporting should provide information that is useful to present and potential investors and creditors and other users inmaking rational investment, credit and similar decisions.”While prior studies suggest that audit committee expertise is associated with improved financial reporting quality, there is little empirical evidence on the association between audit committee's financial expertise and decisions of financial statement users. We examine an important aspect of users' investment decisions, i.e., their ability to anticipate future earnings. Specifically, we investigate the association between audit committee financial expertise and financial analysts' ability to predict future earnings. We focus on analyst earnings forecasts for several reasons. First, Schipper (1991) suggests that analyst behavior can provide insight into the activities and beliefs of investors that cannot be observed directly.
Analysts, as sophisticated users of financial reporting information, provide
direct evidence about whether users incorporate improvements in
financial reporting into their decision-making process. Second, as
Kothari (2001) states, “almost all models of valuation either directly or
indirectly use earnings forecasts.” Thus, given analysts' role as a key
provider of information to the capital markets, empirical evidence on
whether audit committee financial expertise relates to analysts' forecasting
ability is useful to investors in firm valuation. Kecskes, Michaely,
andWomack (2010) find evidence that analysts' earnings-based recommendation
changes are more informative than discount rate-based
recommendations, supporting the notion that the value of analysts' recommendations
is primarily linked to how well they can discern a firm's
future earnings. Finally, while prior research has documented a link between
accounting expertise on the audit committee and financial
reporting quality, prior research has not explored a direct link with
users of financial statement information.We address this gap in the literature
in examining the association between audit committee financial
expertise and analysts' ability to anticipate future earnings.
The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 required the Securities Exchange
Commission (SEC) to issue rules mandating that the audit committee
of every public company have a designated financial expert; and that
the name of that financial expert be disclosed (Sarbanes–Oxley Act of
2002). The SEC suggests that having at least one financial expert on
Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in International Accounting 29 (2013) 1–11
☆ We thank Wayne Thomas and seminar participants at Chulalongkorn University,
OklahomaStateUniversity, SingaporeManagement University and the 2012AmericanAccounting
Association Annual meeting for helpful comments and suggestions. Dr. Krishnan
gratefully appreciates the financial assistance fromthe Joseph R. Perella and AmyM. Perella
Professorship.
⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 405 744 6349; fax: +1 405 744 1680.
E-mail addresses: john.abernathy@okstate.edu (J.L. Abernathy), don@okstate.edu
(D. Herrmann), tony.kang@okstate.edu (T. Kang), krishnan@american.edu (G.V.Krishnan).
1 Tel.: +1 405 744 8602; fax: +1 405 744 1680.
2 Tel.: +1 405 744 8631; fax: +1 405 744 1680.
3 Tel.: +1 202 885 6460; fax: +1 202 885 1992.
0882-6110/$ – see front matter © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2012.12.001
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in
International Accounting
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/adiac
0/5000
کمیته حسابرسی مالی تخصص و خواص تحلیلگر سود forecasts☆Abernathy ليلا جان یک ⁎ هرمن دان یک 1 تونی کانگ یک 2 Gopal V. کریشنان ب 3مدرسه کسب و کار بریتنی, اوکلاهما دولت دانشگاه ب Stillwater، خوب 74078، ایالات متحده Kogod مدرسه بازرگانی، دانشگاه آمریکایی، واشنگتن، DC 20016، ایالات متحده r t من ه ج ل من n f o ب s t r c tواژه هاي كليدي:کمیته ممیزیتخصص مالیپیش بینی درآمد تحلیلگرنقش مهم اطلاعات حسابداری مالی به کمک کاربران صورتهای مالی در شکل گیری انتظارات در مورد درآمد آینده این شرکت است. تحقیقات قبل می یابد که حسابداری مالی تخصص کمیته حسابرسی مربوط به کیفیت بالاتر گزارش مالی است. ما گسترش این ادبیات با بررسی ارتباط بین کمیته حسابرسی مالی تخصص و تحلیلگران توانایی پیش بینی آینده درآمد.ارتباط معنی داری بین حسابداری مالی تخصص در ممیزی کمیته و تحلیلگر درآمد پیش بینی های دقیق تر در می یابیم و پراکنده کمتر. در مقابل ما ارتباط معنی داری بین تخصص های حسابداری مالی (يعنى نظارت تخصص) و دقت پیش بینی یا پیش بینی پراکندگی را پیدا. اين يافته ها منجر به درک ما از مزایای حسابداری تخصص در کمیته ممیزی توسط نشان دادن ارتباط بین حسابداری مالی تخصص و پیشرفت در پیش بینی درآمد تحلیلگر. © 2012 Elsevier ltd می باشد. کلیه حقوق این وب سایت محفوظ می باشد.1. مقدمهتحقیقات قبل شواهدی که داشتن کارشناسان حسابداری مالی در کمیته حسابرسی مربوط به مالی گزارش کیفیت بالاتر (گرم, DeFond, هان و هو, 2005; است را فراهم می کند. Dhaliwal Naiker & Navissi, 2010; کریشنان & Visvanathan, 2008).ما گسترش پژوهش examinewhether بهبود گزارش مالی با کیفیت fromsuch تخصص مربوط به توانایی پیش بینی درآمد آینده است. مالی حسابداری استاندارد هیئت مدیره (FASB) (1978) یادداشت در بیانیه های مالی حسابداری مفاهیم شماره 1 که "گزارش مالی اطلاعات مفید برای سرمایه گذاران موجود و بالقوه و وام و دیگر کاربران inmaking سرمایه گذاری منطقی، اعتباری و تصمیم گیری های مشابه است که باید ارائه می کنند."در حالی که مطالعات قبل نشان می دهد که تخصص کمیته حسابرسی مربوط به بهبود کیفیت گزارش مالی است، شواهد تجربی کمی در رابطه کمیته حسابرسی مالی تخصص و تصمیم گیری های مالی کاربران وجود دارد. ما به بررسی جنبه های مهم کاربران تصمیمات سرمایه گذاری، یعنی، توانایی خود را برای درآمد آینده را پیش بینی. به طور خاص، ما به بررسی ارتباط بین کمیته حسابرسی مالی تخصص و تحلیلگران مالی توانایی پیش بینی آینده درآمد. ما تمرکز بر روی تحلیل پیش بینی درآمد چند دلیل. اول، Schipper (1991) نشان می دهد که رفتار تحلیلگر می تواند بینش به فعالیت ها و اعتقادات از سرمایه گذاران که به طور مستقیم نمی توان مشاهده فراهم.تحلیلگران، به عنوان کاربران پیشرفته اطلاعات مالی گزارش ارائهشواهد مستقیم در مورد اینکه آیا کاربران بهبود در ترکیبگزارش مالی به فرآیند تصمیم گیری خود را. دوم، به عنوانایالات کوثری (2001)، "تقریبا تمام مدل های ارزیابی یا به طور مستقیم و یاغیر مستقیم درآمد پیش بینی استفاده کنید." بنابراین، تحلیلگران با توجه نقش به عنوان یک کلیدارائه دهنده اطلاعات به بازارهای سرمایه شواهد تجربی درآیا کمیته حسابرسی مالی تخصص مربوط به پیش بینی تحلیلگران'توانایی برای سرمایه گذاران در ارزیابی شرکت مفید است. Kecskes Michaely،andWomack (2010) پیدا کردن شواهدی که تحلیلگران درآمد بر اساس توصیهتغییرات آموزنده تر از میزان تخفیف بر اساس هستندتوصیه های حمایت از این تصور که ارزش توصیه های تحلیلگرانعمدتا به چه خوبی آنها می تواند یک شرکت را تشخیص میدهدآینده درآمد. در نهایت، در حالی که تحقیقات قبل است به صورت مستند در ارتباط بینحسابداری تخصص کمیته حسابرسی و مالیگزارش کیفیت تحقیقات قبل نیست با لینک مستقیم به کاوش استکاربران اطلاعات صورتهای مالی.ما آدرس این شکاف در ادبیاتدر بررسی ارتباط بین کمیته حسابرسی مالیتخصص و تحلیلگران توانایی پیش بینی آینده درآمد.ساربانز-Oxley قانون 2002 لازم مبادله اوراق بهادارکمیسیون (ثانیه) به قوانین که همين موضوع کمیته حسابرسیاز هر شرکت دولتی کارشناس مالی تعیین شده اند; ونام این کارشناس مالی افشا می شود (ساربانز-Oxley قانون2002). ثانیه نشان می دهد که داشتن حداقل یک کارشناس مالیپیشرفت در حسابداری ترکیب پیشرفت های بین المللی حسابداری 29 (2013) 1-11☆ ما Thomas Wayne و شرکت کنندگان سمینار دانشگاه Chulalongkorn سپاسگزارمOklahomaStateUniversity دانشگاه SingaporeManagement و 2012AmericanAccountingنشست سالانه انجمن مفید نظرات و پیشنهادات. دکتر کریشنانبا سپاسگزاری قدردانی کمک های مالی از یوسف رضا Perella و AmyM. Perellaکرسی.⁎ نويسنده. تلفن: + 1 405 744 6349; فکس: + 1 405 744 1680.آدرس های ایمیل: john.abernathy@okstate.edu (J.L. Abernathy)، don@okstate.edu(د. هرمن)، tony.kang@okstate.edu (کانگ تی)، krishnan@american.edu (G.V.Krishnan).1 تلفن: + 1 405 744 8602; فکس: + 1 405 744 1680.2 تلفن: + 1 405 744 8631; فکس: + 1 405 744 1680.3 تلفن: + 1 202 885 6460; فکس: + 1 202 885 1992.$ / 0882-6110 – ماده جلو دیدن © 2012 Elsevier ltd می باشد. کلیه حقوق این وب سایت محفوظ می باشد.http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2012.12.001لیست مطالب موجود در SciVerse ScienceDirectپیشرفت های حسابداری شامل پیشرفت دربین المللی حسابداریصفحه اصلی مجله: www.elsevier.com/ پیدا کنید/adiac
يجري ترجمتها، يرجى الانتظار ..
Audit committee financial expertise and properties of analyst earnings forecasts☆
John L. Abernathy a,⁎, Don Herrmann a,1, Tony Kang a,2, Gopal V. Krishnan b,3
a Spears School of Business, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States b Kogod School of Business, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Keywords:
Audit committees
Financial expertise
Analyst earnings forecasts
An important role of financial accounting information is to aid financial statement users in forming expectations about the firm's future earnings. Prior research finds that accounting financial expertise of the audit committee is associated with higher financial reporting quality. We extend this literature by examining the association between audit committee financial expertise and analysts' ability to anticipate future earnings.
We find a significant association between accounting financial expertise on the audit committee and analyst earnings forecasts that are more accurate and less dispersed. In contrast, we do not find a significant association between non-accounting financial expertise (i.e., supervisory expertise) and forecast accuracy or forecast dispersion. These findings contribute to our understanding of the benefits of accounting expertise in audit committees by demonstrating an association between accounting financial expertise and improvements in analyst earnings forecasts. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Prior research provides evidence that having accounting financial experts on the audit committee is associated with higher financial reporting quality (e.g., DeFond, Hann, & Hu, 2005; Dhaliwal, Naiker, & Navissi, 2010; Krishnan & Visvanathan, 2008).We extend this research to examinewhether improved financial reporting quality fromsuch expertise is associated with the ability to anticipate future earnings. The Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) (1978) notes in the Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 1 that “financial reporting should provide information that is useful to present and potential investors and creditors and other users inmaking rational investment, credit and similar decisions.”While prior studies suggest that audit committee expertise is associated with improved financial reporting quality, there is little empirical evidence on the association between audit committee's financial expertise and decisions of financial statement users. We examine an important aspect of users' investment decisions, i.e., their ability to anticipate future earnings. Specifically, we investigate the association between audit committee financial expertise and financial analysts' ability to predict future earnings. We focus on analyst earnings forecasts for several reasons. First, Schipper (1991) suggests that analyst behavior can provide insight into the activities and beliefs of investors that cannot be observed directly.
Analysts, as sophisticated users of financial reporting information, provide
direct evidence about whether users incorporate improvements in
financial reporting into their decision-making process. Second, as
Kothari (2001) states, “almost all models of valuation either directly or
indirectly use earnings forecasts.” Thus, given analysts' role as a key
provider of information to the capital markets, empirical evidence on
whether audit committee financial expertise relates to analysts' forecasting
ability is useful to investors in firm valuation. Kecskes, Michaely,
andWomack (2010) find evidence that analysts' earnings-based recommendation
changes are more informative than discount rate-based
recommendations, supporting the notion that the value of analysts' recommendations
is primarily linked to how well they can discern a firm's
future earnings. Finally, while prior research has documented a link between
accounting expertise on the audit committee and financial
reporting quality, prior research has not explored a direct link with
users of financial statement information.We address this gap in the literature
in examining the association between audit committee financial
expertise and analysts' ability to anticipate future earnings.
The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 required the Securities Exchange
Commission (SEC) to issue rules mandating that the audit committee
of every public company have a designated financial expert; and that
the name of that financial expert be disclosed (Sarbanes–Oxley Act of
2002). The SEC suggests that having at least one financial expert on
Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in International Accounting 29 (2013) 1–11
☆ We thank Wayne Thomas and seminar participants at Chulalongkorn University,
OklahomaStateUniversity, SingaporeManagement University and the 2012AmericanAccounting
Association Annual meeting for helpful comments and suggestions. Dr. Krishnan
gratefully appreciates the financial assistance fromthe Joseph R. Perella and AmyM. Perella
Professorship.
⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 405 744 6349; fax: +1 405 744 1680.
E-mail addresses: john.abernathy@okstate.edu (J.L. Abernathy), don@okstate.edu
(D. Herrmann), tony.kang@okstate.edu (T. Kang), krishnan@american.edu (G.V.Krishnan).
1 Tel.: +1 405 744 8602; fax: +1 405 744 1680.
2 Tel.: +1 405 744 8631; fax: +1 405 744 1680.
3 Tel.: +1 202 885 6460; fax: +1 202 885 1992.
0882-6110/$ – see front matter © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2012.12.001
Contents lists available at SciVerse ScienceDirect
Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in
International Accounting
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/adiac
John L. Abernathy a,⁎, Don Herrmann a,1, Tony Kang a,2, Gopal V. Krishnan b,3
a Spears School of Business, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, United States b Kogod School of Business, American University, Washington, DC 20016, United States a r t i c l e i n f o a b s t r a c t
Keywords:
Audit committees
Financial expertise
Analyst earnings forecasts
An important role of financial accounting information is to aid financial statement users in forming expectations about the firm's future earnings. Prior research finds that accounting financial expertise of the audit committee is associated with higher financial reporting quality. We extend this literature by examining the association between audit committee financial expertise and analysts' ability to anticipate future earnings.
We find a significant association between accounting financial expertise on the audit committee and analyst earnings forecasts that are more accurate and less dispersed. In contrast, we do not find a significant association between non-accounting financial expertise (i.e., supervisory expertise) and forecast accuracy or forecast dispersion. These findings contribute to our understanding of the benefits of accounting expertise in audit committees by demonstrating an association between accounting financial expertise and improvements in analyst earnings forecasts. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1. Introduction
Prior research provides evidence that having accounting financial experts on the audit committee is associated with higher financial reporting quality (e.g., DeFond, Hann, & Hu, 2005; Dhaliwal, Naiker, & Navissi, 2010; Krishnan & Visvanathan, 2008).We extend this research to examinewhether improved financial reporting quality fromsuch expertise is associated with the ability to anticipate future earnings. The Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) (1978) notes in the Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 1 that “financial reporting should provide information that is useful to present and potential investors and creditors and other users inmaking rational investment, credit and similar decisions.”While prior studies suggest that audit committee expertise is associated with improved financial reporting quality, there is little empirical evidence on the association between audit committee's financial expertise and decisions of financial statement users. We examine an important aspect of users' investment decisions, i.e., their ability to anticipate future earnings. Specifically, we investigate the association between audit committee financial expertise and financial analysts' ability to predict future earnings. We focus on analyst earnings forecasts for several reasons. First, Schipper (1991) suggests that analyst behavior can provide insight into the activities and beliefs of investors that cannot be observed directly.
Analysts, as sophisticated users of financial reporting information, provide
direct evidence about whether users incorporate improvements in
financial reporting into their decision-making process. Second, as
Kothari (2001) states, “almost all models of valuation either directly or
indirectly use earnings forecasts.” Thus, given analysts' role as a key
provider of information to the capital markets, empirical evidence on
whether audit committee financial expertise relates to analysts' forecasting
ability is useful to investors in firm valuation. Kecskes, Michaely,
andWomack (2010) find evidence that analysts' earnings-based recommendation
changes are more informative than discount rate-based
recommendations, supporting the notion that the value of analysts' recommendations
is primarily linked to how well they can discern a firm's
future earnings. Finally, while prior research has documented a link between
accounting expertise on the audit committee and financial
reporting quality, prior research has not explored a direct link with
users of financial statement information.We address this gap in the literature
in examining the association between audit committee financial
expertise and analysts' ability to anticipate future earnings.
The Sarbanes–Oxley Act of 2002 required the Securities Exchange
Commission (SEC) to issue rules mandating that the audit committee
of every public company have a designated financial expert; and that
the name of that financial expert be disclosed (Sarbanes–Oxley Act of
2002). The SEC suggests that having at least one financial expert on
Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in International Accounting 29 (2013) 1–11
☆ We thank Wayne Thomas and seminar participants at Chulalongkorn University,
OklahomaStateUniversity, SingaporeManagement University and the 2012AmericanAccounting
Association Annual meeting for helpful comments and suggestions. Dr. Krishnan
gratefully appreciates the financial assistance fromthe Joseph R. Perella and AmyM. Perella
Professorship.
⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 405 744 6349; fax: +1 405 744 1680.
E-mail addresses: john.abernathy@okstate.edu (J.L. Abernathy), don@okstate.edu
(D. Herrmann), tony.kang@okstate.edu (T. Kang), krishnan@american.edu (G.V.Krishnan).
1 Tel.: +1 405 744 8602; fax: +1 405 744 1680.
2 Tel.: +1 405 744 8631; fax: +1 405 744 1680.
3 Tel.: +1 202 885 6460; fax: +1 202 885 1992.
0882-6110/$ – see front matter © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.adiac.2012.12.001
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Advances in Accounting, incorporating Advances in
International Accounting
journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/adiac
يجري ترجمتها، يرجى الانتظار ..
لغات أخرى
دعم الترجمة أداة: الآيسلندية, الأذرية, الأردية, الأفريقانية, الألبانية, الألمانية, الأمهرية, الأوديا (الأوريا), الأوزبكية, الأوكرانية, الأويغورية, الأيرلندية, الإسبانية, الإستونية, الإنجليزية, الإندونيسية, الإيطالية, الإيغبو, الارمنية, الاسبرانتو, الاسكتلندية الغالية, الباسكية, الباشتوية, البرتغالية, البلغارية, البنجابية, البنغالية, البورمية, البوسنية, البولندية, البيلاروسية, التاميلية, التايلاندية, التتارية, التركمانية, التركية, التشيكية, التعرّف التلقائي على اللغة, التيلوجو, الجاليكية, الجاوية, الجورجية, الخؤوصا, الخميرية, الدانماركية, الروسية, الرومانية, الزولوية, الساموانية, الساندينيزية, السلوفاكية, السلوفينية, السندية, السنهالية, السواحيلية, السويدية, السيبيوانية, السيسوتو, الشونا, الصربية, الصومالية, الصينية, الطاجيكي, العبرية, العربية, الغوجراتية, الفارسية, الفرنسية, الفريزية, الفلبينية, الفنلندية, الفيتنامية, القطلونية, القيرغيزية, الكازاكي, الكانادا, الكردية, الكرواتية, الكشف التلقائي, الكورسيكي, الكورية, الكينيارواندية, اللاتفية, اللاتينية, اللاوو, اللغة الكريولية الهايتية, اللوكسمبورغية, الليتوانية, المالايالامية, المالطيّة, الماورية, المدغشقرية, المقدونية, الملايو, المنغولية, المهراتية, النرويجية, النيبالية, الهمونجية, الهندية, الهنغارية, الهوسا, الهولندية, الويلزية, اليورباية, اليونانية, الييدية, تشيتشوا, كلينجون, لغة هاواي, ياباني, لغة الترجمة.
- I'm
- سوف اكون دائما الئ جانبك
- طفش
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- Pearls will always be your side
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- انا شاب من الامارت العربيه وكنت اريد اتع
