Figure 2: Peace as not merely the absence of violence (‘negative peace’), but also a positive state (‘positive peace’)
We have now discussed peace as a negative concept and as a positive one (Figure 2). Both concepts have a range of meanings attached to them and are, as a result, quite static. When the next conflict begins, however, the state of peace may be abandoned. Is there a more dynamic way of viewing peace? Galtung once again reverts to medicine: health is not only a state of being, but also a ‘capacity of the spirit, the mind, the body and the society to handle pathogens of any kind with insight, creativity, and by healthy means’ (Galtung 2002:9). The characteristics of good health include a strong immune system, and quick recovery after injury or disease. Similarly, peace may be defined as the capacity to handle conflict in a non-violent manner.