Survey-Based Subjective Measures of CSP
Subjective measures of corporate social performance, as implied by the name, have relied on polls and surveys that gathered information from those regarded 'informed observers' (Margolis and Walsh, 2001). This method of obtaining a measurement of CSP has developed during the early years of research on the relationship between CSP and CFP. During that time no other methods of measuring CSP existed, and thus researchers turned to surveys (Moskowitz, 1975).