the Swiss National Bank has introduced the interest-free intraday liquidity facility. This enables participants in the Swiss repo market to draw on Swiss franc sight deposits with the SNB against the lodging of collateral.18 The liquidity used must be repaid by no later than the end of the settlement day of the Swiss RTGS system Swiss Interbank Clearing19 (i.e. by no later than 16:15 CET). The in/out swap is an instrument for reducing participants’ time-critical liquidity requirements. Depending on a participant’s trading activity, both its net short positions and its net long positions may be considerable. The in/out swap offers two participants an opportunity to exchange (swap) large mutually offsetting balances.20 By way of an example, a participant with a high net short position in US dollars and net long position in Swiss francs agrees to conclude a currency swap with another participant whose balances in the two currencies are just the reverse. One side of the swap is settled via CLS (the in leg), while the other side is settled on the same value date outside CLS via the traditional correspondent banking mechanism (the out leg).21 As a result of this swap, the negative (and positive) balances are reduced for both parties and so are the time-critical pay-ins to CLS in the next settlement cycle.22 The disadvantage of in/out swaps is that the out leg is settled through conventional correspondent banking arrangements and, thus, the participants are exposed to the full settlement risk.