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A COLORIMETRIC METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION
OF PHENOLS (AND PHENOL DERIVATIVES)
IN URINE.
BY OTTO FOLIN AND W. DENIS.
(From the Riochemical Laboratories of the Harvard Medical School and
oj the Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.)
(Received for publication, July 26, 1915.)
Since the appearance in 1882 of t,he pioneer researches of Baumann
on the urinary phenols, a large number of investigations
has been made on this subject. The method used for the quantitative
determinations of these bodies has been ahnost invariably
the iodometric titration variously modified and improved by
Kossler and Penny,l by Neuberg,2 Mooser,s and by Hensel.4 At
best the iodometric method has many disadvantages, being extremely
time consuming and requiring the use of a comparatively
large amount (500 cc.) of urine. Further, as will be shown below,
if the directions given by Ohe various investigators who have
worked on the technique of this method be followed a considerable
portion of the phenol contained in the urine may be lost.
The first step in the determination of phenols according to the
methods of Kossler and Penny, Neuberg, Mooser, etc., consists
in evaporating the faintly alkaline urine on a water bath to about
one-fifth of its original volume. We have found that during this
evaporation a considerable proportion of the phenol is oxidized,
thus producing results much below t,he truth.
Experiments Showing the Loss oJ Phenol When Heated in Alkaline Solutions.
1. 25 cc. of phenol solution required 16.80 cc. & iodine when titrated
according to the iodometric method.
25 cc. of the above phenol solution were treated with 0.5 cc. of 10 per
cent sodium carbonate and 100 cc. of water, after evaporation for one
1 Kessler, A., and Penny, E., Ztschr. f. physiol. Chem., 1893, xvii, 139.
2 Neuberg, C., ibid., 1899, xxvii, 123.
3 Mooser, W., ibid., 1909, Ixiii, 176.
4 Hensel, &I., ibid., 1912, lxxviii, 373.
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