The Habituated Characteristic
The habituated character of habits of mind is underscored in Goldenberg‟s description of
habits of mind, which “one acquires so well, makes so natural, and incorporates so fully into
one's repertoire, that they become mental habits—one not only can draw upon them easily, but
one is likely to do so” (p. 13). Mason and Spence‟s (1999) notion of knowing-to act in the
moment accentuates this habituated character. They have differentiated between two types of
knowledge. The first type, referred to as knowing-about, consists of Ryle‟s (1949, cited in Mason
& Spence) three classes of knowledge: knowing-that (factual knowledge), knowing-how
(procedural skills), and knowing-why (personal stories to account for phenomena). The second
type, referred to as knowing-to, is tacit knowledge that is context/situation dependent and
becomes present in the moment when it is required. This distinction is important because
“knowing to act when the moment comes requires more than having accumulated knowledgeabout
. . .”