After selecting the learning experiences, the curriculum items have to be organized. Tyler notes that important changes in human behaviour are not produced overnight and advocates that educational experiences should be organized as to reinforce each other in order to produce a cumulative effect on the learning. Learning experiences should be put together to form some kind of coherent programmes and suggests procedures for organizing learning experiences into units, courses and programmes. He suggested that consideration be given to the relationship between learning experiences over time and also from one area to another, and refers to these two kinds of relationship as the vertical and horizontal relationships. Three major criteria for effective organization are continuity, sequences and integration according toTyler in Badmus (2002).
Another task for the curriculum planner is in determining the strategy(ies) that will be most effective in the teaching learning process. The literature on teaching – learning strategy shows that the following strategies are available for choice by the curriculum planner (a) expository teaching (b) inquiring learning (c) small group teaching (d) individualized learning (e) mastery learning (f) games; and (g) programmed instruction. The curriculum planner is free to limit himself to the use of a single strategy for an entire programme although a curriculum does not necessarily have to utilize a single strategy (Akangbou, 1984).
Application (Try on)
The application stage refers to ‘’try out and revision whereby educational programmes would be empirically tried out before they are approved for use on a large scale basis” In general, little regard is given to this idea of combining or complementing professional wisdom with empirical evidence for the job of materials preparation (Longe, 1984). Many curricula have failed in the past because of lack of try out of the curricula before implementation. Many of them are approved based on the subjective judgment the educational authorities.
At this stages, the curriculum team should carefully observe the teaching – learning process in the classroom situation, employ a variety of formative evaluation, instruments, including tests and students work sheets. The team should encourage both teachers and students to point our problems and difficulties encountered in the programme.
Also, the programme, should be submitted to various types of experts to pass judgement upon the material, indicate any specific modification that is necessary. On the basis of results of both the empirical trial run and the experts’ judgments, a series of recommendations would be made concerning desired alterations of the original version of the programme.
Implementation
Implementation refers to an open use of the curricula throughout the entire school system. This would entail a number of changes within the educational system. Some of the activities are the provision of teaching – learning and inservice training for principals, teachers and school supervisors. (Longe, 1984; Akangbou, 1984).
The success of any curricula depends on the provision of the required instructional materials and the readiness of the school principals, teachers and inspectors. Many curricula in Nigeria have failed due to lack of compliance to this implementation strategy. Besides, the implementation of the curricula have to be monitored to ensure the achievement of the objectives of the curriculum. Any discovery would have to be corrected.
Evaluation
The process of evaluation according to Tyler, is essentially the process of determining to what extent the educational objectives are actually being realized by the programme of curriculum and instruction. In other words, the statement of objectives not only serve as the basis for the selection and organization of learning experiences but the standard against which the programme is assessed. To Tyler then evaluation is a process by which one matches initial expectation in the form of behavioural objectives with out comes. Such a conception of curriculum planning has a certain commonsensical appeal and especially when fortified with models from industry and systems management, it seems a supremely wise and practical way to appraise the success of a venture according Tyler in Badmus (2002).