In Conclusion
This fourth lesson has drawn attention to the revised 2006 version of the WMA Declaration on Hunger Strikes ("Malta"), which amongst many other clarifications, has clearly taken position against the use of force-feeding.
By thus accepting that a prisoner should have the right to protest through fasting, i.e. exerting his right to Autonomy over the general physician's duty to the general principle of Beneficence, the WMA provides guidance for physicians worldwide, who are confronted with the sometimes difficult issues surrounding Hunger Strikes.
The Background Paper to the 2006 WMA Malta Declaration provides additional guidance, with many examples from field work, and a Glossary clearly defining the different terms used.