PRODUCTION OF PENICILLIN
Penicillin was the first important commercial product produced by an aerobic, submerged fermentation
First antibiotic to have been manufacture in bulk.
Used as input material for some semi synthetic antibiotics.
It is fermented in a batch culture
Penicillin was the first important commercial product produced by an aerobic, submerged fermentation
First antibiotic to have been manufacture in bulk.
Used as input material for some semi synthetic antibiotics. It is fermented in a batch culture
The yield of penicillin can be increased by:
Improvement in composition of the medium
Isolation of better penicillin producing mold sp. Penicillium chrysogenum which grow better in huge deep fermentation tank
Development of submerged culture technique for cultivation of mold in large volume of liquid medium through which sterile air is forced. Primary and Secondary Metabolites
• Primary metabolites are produced during active cell growth, and secondary • metabolites are produced near the onset of stationary phase. Commercial Production Of Penicillin
Like all antibiotics, penicillin is a secondary metabolite, so is only produced in the tationary phase.
INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION OF ANTIBIOTIC- PENICILLIN
• The industrial production of penicillin was broadly classified in to two processes namely,
• Upstream processing
• Downstream processing
UPSTREAM PROCESSING
Upstream processing encompasses any technology that leads to the synthesis of a product.
Upstream includes the exploration, development and production.
DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING
The extraction and purification of a biotechnological product from fermentation is referred to as downstream processing.
UPSTREAM PROCESSING INOCULUM PREPARATION
• The medium is designed to provide the organism with all the nutrients that it requires.
• Inoculation method- submerged technique
• Spores -major source of inoculum
RAW MATERIALS
CARBON SOURCES:
Lactose acts as a very satisfactory carbon compound, provided that is used in a concentration of 6%. Others such as glucose & sucrose may be used.
NITROGEN SOURCES:
Corn steep liquor (CSL)
Ammonium sulphate and ammonium acetate can be used as nitrogenous sources.
MINERAL SOURCES:
Elements namely potassium, phosphorus, magnesium, sulphur, zinc and copper are essential for penicillin production. Some of these are applied by corn steep liquor.
Calcium can be added in the form of chalk to counter the natural acidity.
FERMENTATION PROCESS
• The medium is inoculated with a suspension of conidia of Penicillium chrysogenum.
• The medium is constantly aerated and agitated, and the mould grows throughout as pellets.
• After about seven days, growth is complete, the pH rises to 8.0 or above, and penicillin production ceases