problem-based learning classroom can be interpreted as a form of cognitive-constructivist learning, based on at least three assumptions (Schmidt et al. 2009). The first assumption is that in PBL students engage in theory construction. With the help of their peers they develop an initial theory about the phenomena described in the problem. Subsequently, self-directed learning activities (e.g. reading books or consulting internet resources) serve to test the initial theory against the literature thereby elaborating and changing and deepening their understanding of the topic. The second assumption is that the use of authentic problems or real-life problems encourage students to become interested in the topic at hand and as a consequence helps them gaining a deeper understanding of the principles or processes underlying the problem. The third assumption is that being in the position to identify one’s own learning goals in collaboration with peers fosters a feeling of autonomy, agency, and empowerment. Being autonomous from the direct intervention of a teacher and feeling in charge of one’s own learning is supposed to result in increased cognitive engagement with the topic to be learned, which eventually encourages deeper understanding of it.