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This article is about the city in South Africa. For other uses, see Johannesburg (disambiguation).
Johannesburg (/dʒoʊˈhænɪsbɜrɡ/; Afrikaans: [joˈɦɐnəsbœrχ]) (also known as Jozi, Jo'burg, eGoli, and Joeys, and abbreviated as JHB) is the largest city in South Africa. It is the provincial capital of Gauteng, which is the wealthiest province in South Africa, having the largest economy of any metropolitan region in Sub-Saharan Africa. The city is one of the 50 largest urban agglomerations in the world, and is also the world's largest city not situated on a river, lake, or coastline.
While Johannesburg is not one of South Africa's three capital cities, it is the seat of the Constitutional Court, which has the final word on interpretation of South Africa's constitution. The city is the source of a large-scale gold and diamond trade, due to its location on the mineral-rich Witwatersrand range of hills.
According to the 2007 Community Survey, the population of the city of Johannesburg was 4,434,827 and the population of the Greater Johannesburg Metropolitan Area was 7,151,447. A broader definition of the Johannesburg metropolitan area includes Ekurhuleni, the West Rand, Soweto, and Lenasia, bringing the population to 10,267,700. The municipal city's 1,645 km (635 sq mi) land area is very large in comparison with those of other major cities, resulting in a moderate population density of 2,364/km (6,120/sq mi).
A separate city from the late 1970s until the 1990s, Soweto is now part of Johannesburg. Originally an acronym for "South-Western Townships", Soweto originated as a collection of settlements on the outskirts of Johannesburg, populated mostly by native African workers from the gold mining industry. In 1985, Nigel Mandy (BA Law - CA), the first General Manager of the Carlton Centre, authored a book entitled A City Divided, which intimated that Soweto and Johannesburg were divided from a fiscal point of view, as well as by law and by people. He assisted the government, both of the now-defunct Transvaal province, as well as of Gauteng, post-1994, in developing a process whereby black, coloured, Indian, and white people who had been deprived of home ownership during apartheid, could own homes. Soweto, although eventually incorporated into Johannesburg, had been separated as a residential area for blacks, who were not permitted to live in Johannesburg proper. Lenasia is predominantly populated by English-speaking South Africans of Indian descent.
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