النتائج (
العربية) 1:
[نسخ]نسخ!
The ability to imagine negative or positive future events is associated with psychologicalwell-being. The present thesis deals with depressed individual’s ability to imagine negative orpositive future events. It consists of three quantitative studies (I-III) and one qualitative study(IV).Participants in studies I-III were assessed in connection with a randomized controlled trial oftwo ways to deliver Internet-based treatment for major depression disorder (MDD). Theirages ranged between 19-65 years. In addition to receiving treatment participants completedthe Controlled Word Association Test; the Autobiographical Memory Test (AMT) and theFuture Thinking Task (FTT). Participants in study IV were recruited from a psychiatric clinicin Sweden. The sample sizes varied between study I (N=40), II (N=88), III (N=47) andIV (N=15).The aim of study I was to compare positive and negative future thinking in a group ofdepressed individuals (n=20) who were compared with a matched group of non-depressedpersons (n=20). The results showed that depressed persons reported lower scores regardinganticipated future positive events, but that they did not differ in terms of anticipated futurenegative events. The aim of the second study was to examine the association between FTTand AMT in a depressed sample. The results showed that positive future thinking wassignificantly correlated with retrieval of specific positive autobiographical memories(r = 0.23). The results only gave weak support for an association between FTT and AMT. Theaim of the third study was to investigate if scores on the FTT would change following twoforms of Internet-delivered cognitive behaviour therapy for major depression (guided selfhelpand e-mail therapy). A second aim was to study if changes in depression scores asmeasured by the Beck Depression Inventory would correlate with changes in future thinking.The results showed that FTT index scores for negative events were reduced after treatment.There was no increase for the positive events. Change scores for the FTT negative events anddepression symptoms were significantly correlated. The aim of the forth study was toinvestigate representations of the future in depressed individuals by using open-endedmethodology inspired by grounded theory. The results showed that depressed individualsexperienced a state of “ambivalence”. Ambivalence and its negative emotional and cognitiveeffects were substantially reduced in strength when they were asked about their more distantfuture.The conclusions drawn from these studies are that depressed persons report lower scoresregarding anticipated future positive events but do not differ from controls as concernedfuture negative events (Study I). There is some support for a positive association betweenFTT and AMT, but the association is weak and only concern positive FTT and positiveAMT (Study II). Negative future thinking may be reduced after Internet-delivered treatment,
and changes in depression symptoms correlate to some extent with reductions in negative
future thinking (Study III). The concept of ambivalence in depression and/or anxiety in the
present may be an important feature of depression which deserves more attention from both a
theoretical and clinical perspective (Study VI).
يجري ترجمتها، يرجى الانتظار ..
