• business organization has systems supporting processes for each of the major business functions—systems for sales and marketing, manufacturing and production, finance and accounting, and human resources.
• Functional systems that operate independently of each other are becoming a thing of the past because they cannot easily share information to support cross-functional business processes.
• So firm has different systems supporting the decision-making needs of each of the main management groups: Operational management, middle management, and senior management each use systems to support the decisions they must make to run the company.