The target population for this study was people involved in oil and gas construction projects in Iraq
in the middle stream and downstream project groups of Iraq Oil and Gas Corporation (Petro Iraq). Since, Petro Iraq is the major player in the oil and gas industry in Iraq, it represents the oil and gas industry in Iraq.
Questionnaire respondents were top managers, project managers, functional managers,risk experts, project team members, and other relevant staff of Petro Iraq.Primary data were collected by questionnaires and in-depth interviews, and secondary data were also collected from various sources