Metacognitive experiences also include the notion of feelings as related to particular
cognitive experiences (Flavell, 1987; Flavell, Miller, & Miller, 1993). For example, if we
do not understand a concept being explained in a lecture, we may feel anxious due to our
lack of understanding and ability to process the given information. In this case we have
metacognitively reflected on our processing shortcomings and felt concern at our lack of
comprehension. Metacognition includes the concept of being aware of our feelings and
how these feelings influence our attitudes and behaviours.
There is a significant wealth of research to suggest that learners benefit from the use and
development of metacognitive strategies. A number of studies (Lucangeli, Coi & Bosco,
1997; Cardelle-Elawar, 1995; Spence, Yore & Williams, 1999) suggest a positive
relationship between metacognitive awareness and performance on academic tasks. In
one Australian study, Bruce & Robinson (1991) found that direct instruction in
metacognitive word-identification strategies and metacognitive awareness-raising
contributed to improved reading comprehension and word identification in poor readers.
Studies such as those mentioned here suggest that the explicit instruction in
Metacognition positively benefits learners in academic settings.