النتائج (
العربية) 1:
[نسخ]نسخ!
The aftermath of the Great Depression spurred lawmakers to investigate laborpractices. Industry support of strike breaking, labor spies, and violent attacks on workers prompted the passage of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (Axinn &Stern, 2008). In addition to standardizing work hours and controlling child labor, the legislation set a minimum wage below which employers could not legally pay workers. The hourly rate in 1938 was set at 25 cents an hour; it had risen to$4.25 an hour in 1991 (Social Security Administration, 1994). In 1996, President Clinton and Congress agreed to new legislation, the Small Business Protection Act(P.L. 104-188), which raised the minimum wage to $4.75 per hour as of October 1, 1996, and to $5.15 per hour as of September 1, 1997. In 2006, the minimum wage was once again raised through legislative action to amend the Fair Labor Standards Act. The rate was scheduled to increase incrementally from 2007 to 2009, rising to $5.85 in 2007, $6.55 in 2008 and $7.25 in 2009.Critics argue that the minimum wage is inadequate and has not kept pace with the cost of living. As shown in Box 9.7, the value of the minimum wage shrunk over the years. The 2006 rate of $5.15 per hour was the lowest in constant dollars since the 1950s. With the increases for 2008 and 2009, the minimum wage pro-vides a higher wage level, which should positively impact low wage earners.The differences between working full-time at minimum wage and the poverty line are outlined in Box 9.8. Even with the increases, the disparity between mini-mum wage income and living in poverty in 2008 was more than five thousand dol-lars for a family of three. Based on these calculations, the minimum wage would have to be raised beyond the new levels to lift a family of three above the poverty line. Without public assistance or benefits through the Earned Income Tax Credit, full-time work at minimum wage still leaves a family below the poverty line. This difference highlights one of the many policy contradictions in our social welfare system. Although people are categorized as living in poverty with incomes below officially recognized levels, legislation that sets a minimum accepted level for wages does not set that level to pay wages that lift workers or their families out of poverty.
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