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العربية) 1:
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A risk assessment approach incorporating exposure pathways and calculated risk quotients was appliedto identifying constituents requiring treatment prior to beneficial use of oilfield produced water (OPW).In this study, risk quotients are ratios of constituent concentrations in soil or water to guidelineconcentrations for no adverse effects to receptors. The risk assessment approach is illustrated by anexample of an oilfield water produced from non-marine geologic strata of a rift basin in sub-SaharanAfrica. The OPW studied has the following characteristics: 704–1370 mg L1total dissolved solids(TDS), 45–48 mg L1chloride, and 103.8 mg L1oil and grease. Exposure pathways of constituents inOPW used for irrigation include: ingestion of plant tissue, ingestion and direct contact of irrigated soilby livestock, inhalation of aerosols or volatilized constituents, and ingestion of OPW directly bylivestock. Applying risk quotient methods for constituents in soil and water, constituents of concern(COCs) identified for irrigation and livestock watering using the OPW studied include: iron (Fe),manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and oil and grease. Approximately 165,000 barrels d1(26,233 m3d1) of OPW from the study site are available for use. Identification of COCs andconsideration of water quantity allows for development of reliable treatment design criteria to ensureeffective and consistent treatment is achieved to meet guideline levels required for irrigation, livestockwatering, or other uses. This study illustrates the utility of risk assessment for identifying the COCs inOPW for treatment, the level of treatment required, and viable options for use of the treated water.&2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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