Direct observation formats are usually designed to assess single
encounters, for example, the mini-clinical evaluation exercise
(mini-CEX), the direct observation of procedural skills (DOPS)
and the chart stimulated recall tool or case-based discussion (CSR,
CBD). An alternative approach is to record the observation of performance
over time (i.e. what the doctor does day to day and over a
period of time).Agood example is themulti-source feedback (MSF)
approach, such as the mini-PAT. One of the major advantages of all
these methods is that they allow for immediate formative feedback