learning compared to the students who are revising the material traditionally. These learning strategies also are
suitable for the Grade 4 and 5 students (Leahy and Sweller, 2005).
The existence of various alternative frameworks at submicroscopic level is closely linked to the
characteristics of that level which cannot be achieved by human senses; concerns the world of atoms and their
derivatives; ion and molecules which accessible only by imagination (Bucat and Mocerino, 2009). Thus,
submicroscopic level can be concluded as the most difficult level (Nelson, 2002), since it cannot be seen directly
by human senses even though their principles and components are accepted as true and real. This level is
described by the particles such as electrons, atoms and molecules, and commonly referred as the particle theory
of matter. Its dependence on the particle theory of matter makes this level become the most difficult level to be
understood by the students properly. Highlight of the previous studies notes that there are several factors
contributes to the students’ inability in understanding and mastering the submicroscopic level in chemistry
learning process