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mathematical measurements such as area, angle, conductivity, density, electricalcurrent, force, heat, humidity, length, light intensity, mass, pH, pressure,salinity, temperature, time, velocity, volume, or others. Your teacher willmost likely require you to use only metric units or the International Systemof Units (SI), so you will use centimeters instead of inches and liters instead ofgallons. The quantitative data you choose to record should be based on yourbackground research.Be sure to have reasons that support the relationship between the independentand dependent variables. For example, in an experiment that seeksto determine whether powdered drinks contain different food dye concentrations,it would not make sense to measure pH because pH is not the factorbeing studied in the relationship between the variables.Quantitative data are used primarily to measure your “effects.” Thereare other ways, however, in which quantitative measurements are a part ofyour experiment. First, you need to record measureable differences betweenyour experimental groups. For example, if your independent variable is pH,you must record accurate measurements to ensure that the pH levels for eachexperimental group are appropriately different from one another. Second,you need to record quantitative measurements to ensure that extraneousvariables remain constant. For example, temperature is often an added influencein an experiment and so must remain constant. Therefore, you must findways within the experimental design to keep temperature the same and thenplan to monitor and record this measurement periodically throughout theexperiment.The type of data and how you collect it will depend on what type of STEMresearch project you plan to do. In mathematics, physics, and population andhuman genetics research, the data may already exist. You may even be able tofind reliable resources of data online. Then, it is a matter of obtaining the dataand organizing it so that an analysis correlating it to the dependent variablecan be made.
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