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Sentencing phase and questions of future dangerousnessAfter individuals have been found guilty, courts consider the sentence. This can be the role of a jury or a judge, but in many jurisdictions the sentence reflects not only the seriousness of the crime but also a view on whether the offender might repeat his or her offence, that is a judgement made about future dangerousness.Identify dangerousnessThe concept behind reports from forensic psychiatrists about future dangerousness is that it allows the court to factor this into decisions about sentencing. Thus someone judged to be likely to repeat his/her offence may be executed so that the question of release into the community and exposure of that community to danger is permanently avoided. Alternative means of protecting the community such as a life sentence without the option of parole are not held to give adequate guarantees.However, many expert groups including the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) have made it clear that it is effectively impossible to identify those who are likely to be dangerous from those who are not. Dangerousness depends upon circumstances; in the right circumstances most people are capable of killing. And equally, with rehabilitation, anger management, help to defeat drug dependence and so on, many who have been dangerous may become no different from other 'average' members of society. Evidence of dangerousness is therefore almost entirely subjective, or has a poor 'evidence base'. Poor science makes the evidence unsound and raises ethical concerns.في بعض الولايات القضائية أدلة قدمها أطباء نفسانيين مستقلين؛ وفي بعض الحالات بالأفراد الذين لم نر حتى المجرم. ولكن يمكن أن يطلب من الأطباء المدربين بسيتشياتريكالي تعمل داخل نظام السجون لإعطاء أدلة الخبراء في هذه المسألة من ملاحظاتهم للسجين رهن التحقيق.
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