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Early studies suggested that what determineswhether a task depends on declarative memory (andthe HF) or on habit memory (and the striatum) is howrapidly the task is ordinarily learned. In nonhumanprimates, tasks that were acquired rapidly were moresensitive to the effects of medial temporal lobe damagethan tasks acquired slowly (Squire 2009). For example,intact monkeys learned pattern discrimination andconcurrent discrimination tasks gradually over hundredsof trials but could learn object discriminationsin 10 or 20 trials (Resende et al. 2003). Correspondingly,monkeys with HF damage acquired pattern discriminationand concurrent discriminations normallybut were impaired at learning the easier object discriminations.On the contrary, monkeys with lesion thatincluded the tail of the caudate showed impairment atacquiring pattern discriminations as well as concurrentdiscrimination tasks. Moreover, when rats were trainedin a T-maze, performance during the early trials reliedon a hippocampus-dependent form of place learning.With extended training, the rats shifted to a dorsalstriatum–dependent strategy based on response learning.These earlier findings supported the hypothesis
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