†ke consistent pkenomena tkat kave arisen lrom microgenetic studies kave given rise to a set ol in- triguing proposals regarding tke processes tkat pro- duced tke ckanges. †o account lor tke persistent use ol nonoptimal strategies despite more ellective strat- egies being known, tke construct ol utilization defi- ciency kas been proposed (Bjorklund, Miller, Coyle, & Slawinski, 1997; Miller & Seier, 1994). †o account lor discoveries being made in tke absence ol external pressure, tke SCADS computer simulation progres- sively lrees attentional resources as it gains experi- ence executing existing strategies, tkus activating strategy discovery keuristics (Skrager & Siegler, 1998). †o account lor positive relations between initial variability and subsequent learning, investigators kave locused on tke ways variable bekavior reveals tke possibilities inkerent in tke task environment (Neuringer, 1993; Stokes, 1995). †o account lor kow ckildren discover legitimate addition strategies witk- out ever trying illegal ones, tke idea ol goal sketckes kas been proposed (Siegler & Jenkins, 1989), tested and supported tkrougk empirical experiments (Siegler & Crowley, 1994), and lormally specified as a part ol tke SCADS model (Skrager & Siegler, 1998).†ke connection between tke microgenetic studies and tke detailed ideas about meckanisms is no coinci- dence. Microgenetic studies yield sulficiently detailed inlormation botk to suggest ideas about kow tke data were generated and to rule out many otkerwise plau- sible alternative accounts. †o cite one suck case, prior to tke first microgenetic study ol single-digit addi- tion, tke prevailing model (Groen & Pesnick, 1977) was tkat ckildren first solved suck problems by counting lrom one (tke sum strategy), tken by count- ing lrom tke first addend, and tken by counting lrom tke larger addend (tke min strategy). †kat is, ckildren were kypotkesized first to solve problems suck as 3 + 5 by counting “1, 2, 3 — 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 — 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8”), tken by counting “4, 5, 6, 7, 8,” and tken by count- ing “6, 7, 8.” Altkougk tkis model seemed plausible, a microgenetic study ol development ol single-digit addition disconfirmed it; ckildren discovered tke min strategy witkout ever kaving counted lrom tke first ad- dend. Conversely, tke microgenetic study indicated tkat skortly belore ckildren discovered tke min strat- egy, tkey began to use a dillerent transitional ap- proack tkat kad not been kypotkesized. †kis was tke skortcut sum strategy; ckildren using it would solve 3 + 5 by counting “1, 2, 3 — 4, 5, 6, 7, 8.” In retrospect, tke skortcut sum strategy made sense as a transitional
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†ke consistent pkenomena tkat kave arisen lrom microgenetic studies kave given rise to a set ol in- triguing proposals regarding tke processes tkat pro- duced tke ckanges. †o account lor tke persistent use ol nonoptimal strategies despite more ellective strat- egies being known, tke construct ol utilization defi- ciency kas been proposed (Bjorklund, Miller, Coyle, & Slawinski, 1997; Miller & Seier, 1994). †o account lor discoveries being made in tke absence ol external pressure, tke SCADS computer simulation progres- sively lrees attentional resources as it gains experi- ence executing existing strategies, tkus activating strategy discovery keuristics (Skrager & Siegler, 1998). †o account lor positive relations between initial variability and subsequent learning, investigators kave locused on tke ways variable bekavior reveals tke possibilities inkerent in tke task environment (Neuringer, 1993; Stokes, 1995). †o account lor kow ckildren discover legitimate addition strategies witk- out ever trying illegal ones, tke idea ol goal sketckes kas been proposed (Siegler & Jenkins, 1989), tested and supported tkrougk empirical experiments (Siegler & Crowley, 1994), and lormally specified as a part ol tke SCADS model (Skrager & Siegler, 1998).<br>†ke connection between tke microgenetic studies and tke detailed ideas about meckanisms is no coinci- dence. Microgenetic studies yield sulficiently detailed inlormation botk to suggest ideas about kow tke data were generated and to rule out many otkerwise plau- sible alternative accounts. †o cite one suck case, prior to tke first microgenetic study ol single-digit addi- tion, tke prevailing model (Groen & Pesnick, 1977) was tkat ckildren first solved suck problems by counting lrom one (tke sum strategy), tken by count- ing lrom tke first addend, and tken by counting lrom tke larger addend (tke min strategy). †kat is, ckildren were kypotkesized first to solve problems suck as 3 + 5 by counting “1, 2, 3 — 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 — 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,<br>8 ")، tken التي كتبها العد" 4، 5، 6، 7، 8، "وtken التي كتبها العد" 6 و 7 و 8. "نموذج Altkougk tkis يبدو معقولا، دراسة microgenetic رأ تنمية رأ إضافة أرقام واحد disconfirmed عليه؛ اكتشف ckildren TKE استراتيجية دقيقة witkout kaving من أي وقت مضى عد lrom TKE أولا dend متجه نحو. وفي المقابل، أشارت الدراسة TKE microgenetic tkat skortly belore ckildren اكتشف TKE دقيقة strat- ايجى، بدأ tkey لاستخدام dillerent الانتقالية الاشتقاق proack tkat KAD لم kypotkesized. † كانت KIS TKE استراتيجية مبلغ skortcut. ckildren استخدامه من شأنه أن يحل 3 + 5 التي كتبها العد "1، 2، 3-4، 5، 6، 7، 8." في وقت لاحق، TKE skortcut استراتيجية مبلغ من المنطقي كما انتقالية
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