The Victorians and early twentieth century scholars attempted to describe the English community, but their narratives were mostly limited to the intense conflict between the English and Portuguese and how it tied into the conversation of empire and the Company’s commercial expansion. This approach created a Eurocentric narrative of the ruling elite at the state and local level, which led Arnold Wright to suggest that “Makarrab Khan was a typical Mogul official, proud, arrogant and avaricious.”9 Yet Wright never really questioned why Mukarrab Khān might have responded unfavorably towards the English.