Okay, the "Sage Art: Super Biju Rasenshuriken" section says that, after being granted the power of the Sage of Six Paths, Naruto performed this ultimate jutsu. They're "Rasenshuriken" that have been proudly infused with the "special chakra properties" (チャクラ特性, chakura tokusei) of the tailed beasts, which Naruto unleashes simultaneously through Multiple Shadow Clones. It, uh, also describes it as "the most marvelous ninjutsu of all time." (空前絶後の忍術, Kūzenzetsugo no Ninjutsu).
The caption says that it struck Kaguya's weak point, making it impossible for her to maintain her physical form. [Which is to say, it took advantage of her having the chakra of the nine tailed beasts and turned it into a weakness. -FF-Suzaku