Introduction Cont’
• John Kotter (1995) points out that change happens whether we want it to or not, but the choice to manage it in a structured and effective manner distinguishes between success and failure, not only for the initiative change but also for the entire organization.
• However, effective organizational change seems to be rare as indicated by By 2005 & Meaney and Pung, 2008.
• According to Meaney and Pung (2008) and Beer and Nohria (2000), research reveals that only one-third of organizational change efforts were considered successful by their leaders.
• The low success rates of change programs are due back to the employee resistance. (Ford et al., 2008).