Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a membrane-based demineralization
technique used to separate dissolved solids, such as ions, from
solution (most applications involve water-based solutions, which is
the focus of this work). Membranes in general act as perm-selective
barriers, barriers that allow some species (such as water) to selectively
permeate through them while selectively retaining other dissolved
species (such as ions). Figure 1.1 shows how RO perm-selectivity
compares to many other membrane-based and conventional filtration