conscious effort must be
made to ensure that all learners have an opportunity to experience
real or simulated situations in which they must evaluate their own
professional values and act upon them. Real-life clinical situations
are obviously the most powerful, but not all students can be exposed
to all aspects of professionalism in this way. Small-group discussions
involving case vignettes, video clips, narratives, role-plays or other
educational methods should be structured so that the many sides
of professionalism are experienced (Boxes 15.3 and 15.4). Learners
must then be encouraged to reflect often upon these experiences
in a safe environment so that the process of reflection becomes
habitual. Role models have an extremely important part to play in
this process.